外汇基础之MT4终端之保证金计算与爆仓

深圳外汇开户

保证金/已用预付款计算


1.外汇Forex保证金计算:
100,000货币单位*手数/杠杆*货币对现在报价(第一个货币兑美元的报价)＝所需保证金
举例: EURUSD欧美,交易一标准手(10万合约单位,即相当于您买入/卖出100,000欧元,同时卖出/买入100,000美元), 您的账号杠杆为400,当时下单时欧美的报价是1.37190, 所以需要的保证金为100,000*1/400*1.37190=250*1.37190=342.975,四舍五入为342.98美元. 如上图,是一个迷你账号eurusdm,开仓时是1.37150, 所以保证金是10,000货币合约单位*1迷你手/400*1.37150=34.2875四舍五入为34.29. 从这里可以看出, 没有杠杆时的交易是需要大量的资金的来投资的, 比如您交易一标准手要100,000美元或欧元,而现在有400倍杠杆,刚需要342.98美元.


而交叉盘货币对,如AUDNZD, 同样的计算公式.

如上图, 买1标准手的AUDNZD澳纽, 100,000*1/400=250*0.93468=233.67, 当时下单时的AUDUSD澳美报价是0.93468. 所以当时所需的保证金(MT4上译作已用预付款)是233.67美金.

爆仓/预付款比例:
新开户交易的客户要特别注意谨慎关注市场和警惕和尽量避免爆仓. 先解释下MT4上终端栏里的名词:
余额: 是账户里资金加上所有已经平仓(关闭)的单子的盈或亏.
净值: 是余额加上现在开仓的单子的盈或亏.
已用预付款/占用保证金/交易保证金:是指客户入市买入或卖出货币对时，即开盘买卖时客户账户所必须具有的保证金. 这是银行/流动性提供商确认您的账号有资金来做杠杆交易的保证资金. 也就是说您必须要有这个保证金以上才可以做这一笔交易. 比如说上面的第一个截图例子, 您必须要有34.29美元在账户里, 才能交易一迷你手欧美的货币对.
可用预付款/还可以用的保证金: 等于净值减去已用保证金. 如果您在挂着的单子是盈利/亏损的,您可以看到可用保证金就增加/减少了.
预付款比例(或叫保证金/爆仓比例):等于净值除以已用保证金. 比如说上面的第一个截图例子, 354.12/34.29=10.32720...乘以100%转化为百分比, 四舍五入就是1032.80%的保证金比例了. 在2014年5月2日前, IBFX的爆仓比例是100%, 之后就是99%了. 客户的目标是让爆仓比例尽可能高些,远离爆仓. 根据保证金计算公式, 手数,货币单位,货币对报价与保证金成正比, 杠杆与保证金成反比. 新客户应该尽量不要下太大的手数,导致占用保证金增多而让爆仓比例降低到爆仓比例.  
爆仓: 英文叫Margin call, 就是当爆仓比例达到99%时,系统自动把客户亏损最多的单子强制平仓, 让占用保证金减少, 从而令爆仓比例回升.如果强平了一个亏得最多的单子还在99%以下, 系统会继续平仓下一个亏损最多的单子, 一直到爆仓比例在99%以上,或者完全没有占用保证金为止,也就是完全没有订单了.

有一个特殊情况 是完全对冲/锁单(仓)Perfect Hedge: 同时买卖同样手数的同一货币对.
这时您可以从下图看到,爆仓比例是没显示的, 也没已用预付款/占用保证金. 因为在一个订单亏损时,另一个订单是在盈利的, 所以这时您可能不那么担心爆仓. 实际上除非是有一定经验和能够准确判断波动区间的交易者, 完全对冲交易的风险在于: 1.下单时的点差/手续费有2次,如下图,买和卖单,银行和平台交易商都收取了点差费用. 2.当市场波动大时, 银行/流动性提供商会拉大点差, 很容易2个订单都同时在亏损, 甚至在可用预付款资金不足的情况下也会有爆仓现象出现的. 所以双向挂单,波动时上下两边通吃的情况不是没有, 只是要在您准确判断上下波动区间, 当天HL最高最低点的前提下才能对冲, 碰两边止盈来盈利..也有人称为"天地锁"一说.


2.黄金XAUUSD保证金计算:
(gold price * # of oz )/leverage= margin required
黄金价格*10盎司（1手）/杠杆＝所需保证金
2013年大概9月后, IBFX从原来金属杠杆是外汇一半的,改为与外汇一样的杠杆. 扩大到最大为400:1. 下面的白银和原油的杠杆皆与外汇一样: 400:1


如上图, 买了0.1标准手的XAUUSD黄金(1标准手黄金合约为10盎司), 已用保证金=黄金报价1257.97*1盎司/400=3.144925,四舍五入为3.14美元.
黄金xauusd盈亏计算:
10美金/点*（获利/亏损价-开仓价的点差）*手数
如上图: 1259.20-1257.97=1.23个点差=123个基点, 黄金的每基点点值是$0.10 per point, 所以0.10*123*0.1手=1.23美元盈利.

3.白银XAGUSD保证金计算:

同黄金计算公式一样, 白银的保证金计算公式是:
(silver current price* number of oz)/leverage=margin required 白银现价*订单盎司数目/杠杆=所需保证金.
如上图, 买一标准手的XAGUSD白银, 合约大小为500盎司, 已用保证金=19.10*500盎司/400=23.875,四舍五入为23.88美元保证金/已用预付款.
盈亏计算: 5美元/基点*（获利/亏损价-开仓价的点差）*手数. 如上图, 19.06-19.10=-0.04=-4个基点. 5*-4*1手=-20美元, 所以在获利那里是-20.00.

4.原油XTIUSD保证金计算:
2013年下半年IBFX推出新货币对原油XTIUSD,一合约＝100桶原油，从0.01到50手,1点差的点值是1美金, 原油的交易时间与外汇一样.
保证金计算：原油价乘以100，除以账号的杠杆。


如上图, 所需原油保证金=原油现在报价102.453*100/400=25.61325. 四舍五入为25.61美元.
盈亏计算: 1美元/点 *（获利/亏损价-开仓价的点差）*手数  102.521-102.453=0.068=6.8个点(五位计数法). 1美元/点* 空单亏6.8个点*1手=-6.80美元.

http://www.ibfx.com.au/Education/Contract-Sizes-and-Margin-Calls
Contract Sizes & Margin Calls
Understanding Contract Sizes
Each standard lot traded in the forex market is a 100,000 unit (of the base currency) contract. In other words, when trading one lot in a standard account, a trader is essentially placing a 100,000 unit trade in the market. Without leverage, many investors would not be able to afford such a transaction. Take the USD/CAD for example: leverage of 50:1 would allow a trader to place the same one lot ($100,000) trade with the post of $2,000 in margin. $100,000 divided by 50 equals $2,000, thus 50:1 leverage means that $200 of margin is able to control a $10,000 contract.

Many retail forex brokers also offer a mini account option. Mini accounts are essentially 10% the value of standard accounts, meaning that mini contracts are 10,000 units (of the base currency). A trade of one mini USD/CAD lot would be a $10,000 trade. Trading with 50:1 leverage would mean that $200 of margin would control a $10,000 contract.

Calculating a Margin Call
Fail-safes have been put in place to help prevent a trader from going into the negative and owing their broker additional funds. This is commonly referred to as a Margin Call. In the Forex market, a margin call typically means that their open positions will be automatically closed. While in other financial markets a client is called upon to send additional funds or the position(s) will be closed at market price.

The margin level is calculated by dividing the current equity in an account by the current amount of margin in use (used margin).


After dividing the equity by the margin move the decimal two places to the right. A trader whose equity is at $1,000 and who is using a $500 of margin would divide 1,000 by 500 which of course equals 2. Then move the decimal two places to the right; this trader's current margin level or percentage is thus 200%. At 100% margin level a trader is essentially using their entire available margin. When the margin level drops to 100%, trades will automatically be closed.


合约大小以及爆仓比例
理解合同大小
每个在外汇市场上交易的标准手都是10万美元的（基础货币）的合同。换句话说，当标准帐户交易一个标准手，交易者就是在市场上做了一笔10万美元的交易。如果没有利用杠杆，许多投资者将无法负担这样的交易。充分利用100:1的杠杆将允许客户用1000美金的保证金就可以买卖同样都是一个标准手的合约（10万美元）。 10万美元除以100等于1000美元，因此100：1杠杆意味着1,000美元的保证金及可参与等额10万美元的交易。

许多零售外汇经纪公司还为客户提供了迷你帐户选项。迷你账户就是标准帐户的价值的10％，这意味着迷你合约既是10,000元（基础货币）。一个迷你手的交易既1万美元的交易。使用100:1的杠杆交易意味着100美元的保证金及可参与等额1万美元的交易。

追加保证金的计算方法：
系统安全装置用来防止交易帐户亏损至负值，通常叫做爆仓。在外汇市场里，如果发生爆仓的情况帐户里未平的仓位都将自动平掉。而在其他金融市场里客户通常需要添加额外的资金后才能在市场价格中平仓。

保证金水平的计算方法为客户账户的当前净值除以占用保证金。

净值除以占用保证金后小数点向右移动两位。例如一个交易者资金净值为1000美元并且使用了500美金的保证金需要用1000除以500，这当然等于2。然后小数点向右移动两位得出这位交易者目前的保证金水平或百分比既是200％。100％的保证金水平就是交易者已经使用其全部的可用保证金。当保证金水平下降到100%，交易将被自动平仓。

http://www.ibfx.com.au/Education ... Leverage-and-Margin
Understanding Leverage & Margin
What is Leverage?
Leverage is the ability to increase purchasing power in the market. Without it, and a trader would need to front $100,000 in order to control 1 mere standard contract in forex. Unfortunately, this may take forex out of many traders' realm of investment possibilities.

Leverage was introduced to help lower the barrier of entry. It allows for a sense of collateral where the trader need only to provide a portion of the contract value, giving the trader 'skin in the game', while the rest of the contract is provided by the broker or bank. Traders with IBFX can trade up to 50:1* leverage, which means the trader would only need to provide $2,000 in order to control the same 1 standard contract (valued at $100,000). Remember, the higher the leverage, the higher the risk. Read our full leverage risk disclaimer here.

Friend or Foe?
Leverage allows for a lower barrier to entry and increased market exposure, but there is such a thing as too much of a good thing. While leverage can be a great tool in gaining access to an otherwise inaccessible market, it can also quickly work against the trader. However, properly employing risk management techniques can go a long way to minimizing the losses caused by the increased leverage.

For example, here is a common error made in the market. A trader will start out with $20,000 (an arbitrary number for example's sake), and purchase 5 contracts. The margin (or collateral) required for these 5 contracts is $10,000, or 50% of the account value. If the trade goes negative a mere 40 points, the account value is losing $2,000 ($10/point), which is 10% of the account value! A couple of small losing trades can quickly wipe out the account.

This is the common error of assuming too much risk.

Manage Your Risk
To help traders manage the added risk that comes with leverage, a general guideline is that traders should risk no more than 5% of account value on any given trade. In the previous example, the trader risked 50% of the account. Fortunately, IBFX offers traders flexible lot sizes, which are very helpful to zeroing in on the risk amount that's right for you. First is the option to trade either standard or mini lot sizes. As mentioned before, a standard lot is $100,000. A mini lot is essentially 10% the size of a standard lot, with 1 contract being valued at $10,000 - thus requiring only $200 in margin.

Traders always have the option of choosing a lower level of leverage. Doing so may help manage risk, but bear in mind that a lower level of leverage will mean that a larger margin deposit will be needed in order to control the same size contracts.

The amount of margin required to place a trade can be calculated using the following formula:

Margin = (Contract size / Leverage)

Traders can also take advantage of fractional lot sizes, which allow a trader to trade less than 1 lot, as low as 0.01 of a lot. A mini contract size of 0.01 would be a contract valued at $100, requiring only $2 in margin. These fractional lot sizes really allow traders to trade almost any contract size!

Practice smart trading with a free non-expiring demo account from IBFX. No obligation, no risk - download yours today!


了解杠杆和保证金
什么是杠杆？
杠杆是增加在市场上购买力的能力。没有杠杆，交易者在外汇市场仅操作1个标准手的合约就得用$100,000。这点足以让外汇从很多交易者的投资领域中退出。

杠杆的引进帮助降低了进入门槛。它在合同的意义上使交易者只需提供合同价值的一部分资金使交易者也能“亲身参与游戏”，而合同的剩余部分由经纪商活银行承担。在IBFX的交易者可以交易达100：1的杠杆，这意味着操作同样的1个标准手（价值是$100,000）交易者只需提供$1,000 。请紧记，杠杆越高，风险越高。 请在此阅读我们完整的风险披露。

朋友还是敌人？
杠杆降低了进入门槛而增加了市场暴露程度，然而好事过头了反而会成坏事。虽在一个不可触及的市场杠杆是一个很好的进入工具，但它也会与交易者相悖。因此运用适当的风险管理技巧对减少因杠杆增大而产生的损失也需要长期的研究。

例如，这是市场上的一个常见错误。交易者开始用$10,000（举例用的任意数字）, 买了5个合约。5个合约要求的保证金是$5,000，或是帐户价值的50%，如果交易仅反向走30点，那么帐户会损失$800 （$50/点）几乎是帐户价值的10% ！这样一些持续小亏损的单子会很快使帐户爆仓。

这是认为风险很大的常见错误认识

管理你的风险
要帮助交易者管理杠杆带来的风险，一个基本原则就是不要让任一个交易承担使帐户损失高于5%的风险。幸运的是IBFX 为交易者提供灵活的交易手数，这样有助于交易者根据自己情况适当调整风险大小。首先可以选择交易标准活迷你大小的手数。前面提到过，一个标准手是$100,000，一个迷你手是标准手的10%，即1个合约价值是$10,000- 这样只要$100的保证金。

交易者也总可以选择比较低的杠杆。这样是为了帮助管理风险，但请记住低杠杆将意味着要操作同样大小的合约所需要的保证金要更多。

交易所需的保证金大小可按下列公式计算：

保证金=（合约大小/杠杆）

交易者也可以利用小手数的优势，可以交易小于1手，甚至0.01手的单子.一个迷你合约的0.01是$100的合约，只需$1的保证金。这些小的交易手数可使交易者交易几乎任何合约。